DSCAPESARCH

Concrete Mix Design Concrete mix design is the method of optimally dosing various components of concrete,such as cement, aggregates, water,and additives, to make concrete less costly and will have specific  workability and homogeneity properties in the fresh state and strength and durability in the hardened state. Purpose of concrete mixes The main objective of the dosage of concrete mixes is to make a concrete that has the following characteristics: 1. Satisfy viability requirements in terms of drop to facilitate placement and consolidation. 2. Meets resistance requirements. 3.  Can be mixed, transported, placed and compacted efficiently. 4. Economical to manufacture. 5. Meets durability requirements to withstand the environment in which the structure is expected to serve Mixing ratio procedure Step 1. Calculate the target average compressive strength for the mixing ratio: The target 28-day average compressive strength according to clause 3.2 of IS 10262. ft = fck + 1.65...

EARTH WORK IN EXCAVATION OF FOUNDATION. Earthwork in excavation  in  foundation  trenches or drains not exceeding 1.5m in width and 10sq. m in plan including dressing of sides & ramming of bottom, disposal of surplus  excavated  soil within 50m lead & 1.5m lift. All  excavation  operation shall include  excavation  and getting out the  excavated  matter. Stability of existing structures.   Before starting excavation trial pits should be dug to ascertain the depth and nature of its foundation. Shoring should be used in all cases when the depth of excavation exceeds its distance from the existing structure.  Excavation.   Foundation trenches shall be dug out to the exact width of the foundation concrete and the sides of the trenches shall be left plumb where the nature of soil admits of it. Where the soil is not good and does not permit vertical sides, the sides Fut be sloped back or shored up carefully. No exca...

QUANTITIES OF MATERIALS FOR CONCRETE Quantities of materials for the production of required quantity of concrete of given mix proportions can be calculated by absolute volume method. This method is based on the principle that the volume of fully  compacted concrete is equal to the absolute volume of all the materials of concrete, i.e. cement, sand,  coarse aggregates and water. The formula for calculation of materials for required volume of concrete is given by:- Vc = (W / 1000) + (C / 1000Sc) + (Fa / 1000Sfa) + (Ca / 1000Sca) =  Where, V = Absolute volume of fully compacted fresh concrete W =Mass of water C = Mass of cement Fa = Mass of fine aggregates Ca = Mass of coarse aggregates Sc , Sfa and Sca are the specific gravities of cement, fine aggregates and coarse aggregates respectively. The air content has been ignored in this calculation. This method of calculation for quantities of materials for concrete takes into account the mix proportions from design mix or nom...

                                                                            Construction Stages 1.       Excavation a.       9” brick work=3’X3’ (assumed at 3’-0” level we will get hard soil) b.       4.5” brick work=2’-6”X2’-6” c.       Columns= as per structural drawing, should be atleast 4’-6” down 2.       Termite treatment a.       Bayer’s premises b.       Biflex TC 3.       P.C.C. or Red Brick Ballast (4”-5” thick), stone aggregate is recommended 4.       Brick Work a.       9” wall= 27”,22.5”,18”,13” then plinth beam 9” thick then 9” brick work b....

Define reinforced concrete.   Reinforced cement concrete is a composite material is made of concrete and steel reinforcement. The concrete may be assumed to work purely in compression whereas the reinforcement is predominately subjected to tension. For a large range of applications it is sufficient to consider the uni-axial response of either material. Reinforced concrete ,  concrete  in which steel is embedded in such a manner that the two materials act together in resisting forces. The  reinforcing  steel—rods, bars, or mesh—absorbs the tensile, shear, and sometimes the compressive stresses in a  concrete  structure. What is reinforced concrete used  for?  Reinforced concrete  is  used  for construction on a large scale, such as bridges, dams, piers, tall buildings and stadiums. It is most commonly  used  in domestic construction for the footings and foundations of smaller everyday dwellings. There are  four t...